<div class="se_component se_paragraph default" style="margin-top: 30px; font-family: 나눔고딕, nanumgothic, se_NanumGothic, sans-serif, simhei; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; word-break: normal; margin-left: 40px; margin-right: 40px; color: #112e46; font-size: 14px; background-color: #f9fafb;">
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                  <p class="se_textarea" style="padding: 0px; width: 693px; height: 352px; outline: 0px; border: none; background: 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: inherit; text-align: inherit; font-style: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; resize: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all;"><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">1.&nbsp;</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;"></span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">아두이노로</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">저항</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">측정하기</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;"></span><br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br /><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">아두이노로</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">저항</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">측정하기</span><br /><br />아두이노로 저항을 측정하는 방법은 컨덴서값 측정하는 방법보다 비교적 간단합니다. 아시다시피 아두이노는 전압을 측정할 수가 있지 저항을 측정하지는 않지만 간단한 전압 분배 회로로 간단하게 저항을 측정할 수 있습니다.&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>
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         <div class="se_viewArea" style="position: relative; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; max-width: 300px;"><a href="https://blog.naver.com/PostView.nhn?blogId=jedijaja&amp;logNo=220960696688&amp;redirect=Dlog&amp;widgetTypeCall=true&amp;topReferer=http%3A%2F%2Fgeoworld.cafe24.com%2Fgnu3%2F%3Fdoc%3Dbbs%2Fgnuboard.php%26bo_table%3DLinkboard%26page%3D1%26wr_id%3D1156&amp;directAccess=false#" class="se_mediaArea __se_image_link __se_link" data-linktype="img" data-linkdata="{&quot;imgId&quot; : &quot;SEDOC-1526817330770-75970654_image_0_img&quot;, &quot;src&quot; : &quot;https://postfiles.pstatic.net/MjAxNzAzMTdfMTQ2/MDAxNDg5NzUwMDExNjYx.PmpfRzwWhP7FKwAK9O6PaliBOSrx8PqCZPWPgaH-axAg.AwJ2nLLOhRbNpNbewr0YNGoxtFnY84rduO9aPNWe3G0g.PNG.jedijaja/%EC%A0%84%EC%95%95_%EB%B6%84%EB%B0%B0_%ED%9A%8C%EB%A1%9C.png&quot;, &quot;linkUse&quot; : &quot;false&quot;, &quot;link&quot; : &quot;&quot;}" style="color: #000000; text-decoration-line: none; position: relative; display: block;" target="_blank"><img id="SEDOC-1526817330770-75970654_image_0_img" class="se_mediaImage __se_img_el" src="https://postfiles.pstatic.net/MjAxNzAzMTdfMTQ2/MDAxNDg5NzUwMDExNjYx.PmpfRzwWhP7FKwAK9O6PaliBOSrx8PqCZPWPgaH-axAg.AwJ2nLLOhRbNpNbewr0YNGoxtFnY84rduO9aPNWe3G0g.PNG.jedijaja/%EC%A0%84%EC%95%95_%EB%B6%84%EB%B0%B0_%ED%9A%8C%EB%A1%9C.png?type=w773" data-lazy-src="" data-width="300" data-height="307" data-attachment-id="I95GRBED8v8YEvBOFNf2SgfIizZ8" alt="" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: top; height: auto; width: 300px; max-width: 100%;" /></a></div>
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         <div class="se_viewArea se_ff_nanumgothic se_fs_T3 se_align-left" style="position: relative; font-family: 나눔고딕, nanumgothic, se_NanumGothic, AppleSDGothicNeo, sans-serif, simhei; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.9;">
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                  <p class="se_textarea" style="padding: 0px; width: 693px; height: 360px; outline: 0px; border: none; background: 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: inherit; text-align: inherit; font-style: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; resize: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all;">위와 같이 전압 분배 회로가 있을 때&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br /><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">Vout = R2/(R1+R2)*Vref</span><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />가 됩니다.<span style="background-color: inherit;"><br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: inherit;">이 때 Vref, Vout, R1을 안다고 하면</span><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br /><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">R2 = Vout/(Vref - Vout) * R1</span><span style="background-color: inherit;"><br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: inherit;">으로 구할 수 있습니다.. 즉 Vref = 5 V, R1 = 1 kohm, Vout은 아두이노로 측정 하게 되면 R2를 알게 되는 것입니다. 즉 아래와 같이 결선하고</span><br /></p>
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         <div class="se_viewArea se_ff_nanumgothic se_fs_T3 se_align-left" style="position: relative; font-family: 나눔고딕, nanumgothic, se_NanumGothic, AppleSDGothicNeo, sans-serif, simhei; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.9;">
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                  <p class="se_textarea" style="padding: 0px; width: 693px; height: 2100px; outline: 0px; border: none; background: 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: inherit; text-align: inherit; font-style: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; resize: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all;">probe와 Gnd 사이에 저항을 연결하고 A3에서 Vout을 재면 츠정하고자 하는 저항값을 위의 식에 의해 구할 수 있게 됩니다.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />간단하죠.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br /><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">저항값에</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">따른</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">기준</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">저항</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">설정</span><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />그런데 기준 저항(R1)을 정할 때 위에서는 그냥 적당히 1 kohm을 사용했는데 사실은 약간의 제약이 있습니다. 예를 들면 위와 같은 경우 1 kohm, 2 kohm, 10 kohm을 재는 경우 각 각 Vout이 2.5 V, 3.33 V, 4.54 V 이렇게 어느 정도 차이가 있어 계산식에 넣으면 비교적 정확하게 잴 수 있습니다.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />하지만 10 Mohm, 20Mohm의 경우는 어떨까요 ?<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />위의 식에 대입해 보면 10 Mohm의 경우 4.999 V,&nbsp; 20 Mohm의 경우 4.999 V 이렇게 똑같이 나옵니다.<br />즉, 기준 저항 1 kohm과 측정 저항 10 Mohm 사이에 값 차이가 너무 나서 R1 이나 R1 + R2 나 Vout값이 거의 같은 값으로 나오기 때문에 변별력이 없어 지는 거죠.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />그럼, 이럴 땐 어떻게 해야 할 까요 ?<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />간단합니다. 기준 저항을 10 M ohm으로 바꿔 주면 Vout이 2.5 V, 3.33 V가 되어 정확하게 10 Mohm과 20 Mohm을 측정할 수 있게 되는 거죠.<br /><br />그런데 또 하지만 측정하고자 하는 저항을 잘 모르는데 어떻게 기준 저항을 정할까요 ?&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />이 것도 대강은 예측이 되는게 위의 경우처럼 측정 저항이 기준 저항보다 너무 높으면 측정 전압이 거의 5 V에 근접하고 측정 저항이 너무 낮으면 거의 0 V에 근접하므로 대강 측정값이 너무 높으면 기준 저항을 확끈하게 올려서 다시 재보고 측정 전압이 너무 낮으면 기준 저항을 확끈하게 낮춰서 재면 정확하게 잴 수 있습니다.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />요새야 멀티미터 내부의 A/D 분해능도 높고 가변 저항 칩도 잘 나와 있고 해서 멀티미터 내부적으로 기준 저항을 자동적으로 설정하여 측정 저항을 저항대를 예측해서 측정할 필요가 없지만 옛날 멀티미터 같은 경우 측정 저항 레벨을 대강 추측해서 그 구간으로 멀티미터의 레버를 돌려 선택할 수 있게 했습니다.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />제가 만든 아두이노 멀티미터(&nbsp;<a class="se_link" href="http://blog.daum.net/jedi_jaja/2," target="_blank" style="color: #608cba !important;">http://blog.daum.net/jedi_jaja/2,</a>&nbsp;<a class="se_link" href="http://blog.naver.com/jedijaja/220711360074" target="_blank" style="color: #608cba !important;">http://blog.naver.com/jedijaja/220711360074</a>&nbsp;참조)의 경우 기준 저항을 1 kohm으로&nbsp; 고정해서 계산을 하게 해 놓은 관계로 10 ohm 이하, 1Mohm 이상에서는 위와 같은 이유로 부정확한 결과가 나올 수 밖에 없는 상황입니다 ^^&nbsp;<br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br /><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">2.</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">아두이노로</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">컨덴서값</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">측정하기</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;"></span><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />컨덴서 측정 기능은 원래 아두이노 멀티미터(<a class="se_link" href="http://blog.naver.com/jedijaja/220711360074" target="_blank" style="color: #608cba !important;">http://blog.naver.com/jedijaja/220711360074</a>&nbsp;참조)를 버젼업 할 때 추가하려고 아두이노로 테스트만 해 놓고 아직까지 못하고 있는 부분인데요. ( 측정은 잘되는데 기능이 많아 지니까 안드로이드와 아두이노와의 통신이 자꾸 쫑이 나서 아직까지도 기능을 넣지 못하고 있습니다 T.T )<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />일단 여기서는 아두이노로 콘덴서값을 어떻게 측정할 수 있는지 예제와 함께 설명해보도록 하겠습니다.&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br /><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">콘덴서값</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">(&nbsp;</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">커패시턴스</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">&nbsp;)&nbsp;</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">측정해서</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">어디에</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">쓰나</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">&nbsp;?</span><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />일단 멀티미터의 한 기능이긴 하지만 재미로 콘덴서값을 보는 게 아니면 그다지 실용적인 기능은 아닙니다만 컨덴서값 즉 커패시턴스를 재는 기능은 센서 측정에서 다른 의미로 매우 중요한 기능입니다. 일 례로 스마트폰의 터치스크린이 손가락과 화면 사이의 커패시턴스를 재서 측정하는 원리이고 다른 예로는 반도체 장비에서 많이 쓰이는 거리 센서인 갭 센서도 스테이지와 센서 사이의 커패시턴스를 재서 거의 나노미터 이하의 분해능으로 거리를 잽니다.<br />이런 의미에서 커패시턴스를 재는 기능은 멀티미터 뿐만 아니라 여러 센서 분야에 꼭 필요한 기능이라고 할 수 있겠습니다.<br /><span style="background-color: inherit;"><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;"></span><br /></span><span style="background-color: inherit;"><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;"></span><br /></span><span style="background-color: inherit;"><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">일반적인</span></span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">커패시턴스</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">측정</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">방법</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">&nbsp;(&nbsp;</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">충전</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">시간</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">측정법</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">&nbsp;)</span><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />커패시턴스는 저항처럼 그냥 전압만 정적으로 재서는 측정할 수가 없습니다. 왜냐면 이 놈은 동적이기 때문이죠. 즉 시간에 따라서 값이 변한다는 예기입니다. 즉, 어느 한 시점의 측정값만으로는 측정을 할 수 없고 측정 시점의 시간까지 재야 정확한 값을 얻을 수 있다는 예기죠.<span style="background-color: inherit;"><br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: inherit;">가장 많이 쓰이는 방법이 아래와 같은 RC 회로에서 커패시터( 콘덴서 )에 저항을 통해 전압 Vref를 가하면 커패시터의 전압 Vout은 가해진 전압 Vref가 바로 되는 게 아니라 시간이 지나야 Vref만큼 올라가는데 이 전압의 63 %에 도달하는 시간이 콘덴서값에 비례하기 때문에 이 시간을 재면 콘덴서값을 알 수 있는 원리를 이용합니다.</span><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br /></p>
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         <div class="se_viewArea se_ff_nanumgothic se_fs_T3 se_align-left" style="position: relative; font-family: 나눔고딕, nanumgothic, se_NanumGothic, AppleSDGothicNeo, sans-serif, simhei; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.9;">
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                  <p class="se_textarea" style="padding: 0px; width: 693px; height: 480px; outline: 0px; border: none; background: 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: inherit; text-align: inherit; font-style: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; resize: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all;">위의 그래프를 보면 전압의 63 % 즉 Vout = 0.63 * Vref 가 되는 시간 T를 재면&nbsp;<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">C = T/R (&nbsp;</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">T</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">는</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">&nbsp;Vout = 0.63 * Vref&nbsp;</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">되는</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">시간</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">&nbsp;)</span><br /><br />위의 식으로 C 즉 컨덴서값을 구할 수 있게 됩니다.<br />(위의 식의 자세한 유도는 다른 곳에서 쉽게 구할 수 있으므로 여기서는 생략하도록 하겠습니다 ^^ )<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">커패시턴스</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">값이</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">작을</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">경우</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">방법</span><br /><br />그런데 위의 식은 커피시턴스 값이 어느 정도 큰 경우( 약 1 nF 이상 )에서는 비교적 잘 맞지만 1 nF 이하의 작은 커패시턴스를 측정할 때는 잘 맞지 않습니다. 이유는 63 % 까지 올라가는 시간이 너무 짧아서 일반적인 아두이노의 시간 분해능 ( 약 1 usec ) 보다 작거나 겨우 1 ~ 2 usec 정도로 측정이 되면 정확성이 너무 떨어지기 때문이기 때문입니다.&nbsp;<span style="background-color: inherit;"><br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: inherit;">이럴 경우 아래와 같이 저항을 잴 때 사용한 전압 분배 회로와 비슷한 방법으로 측정을 합니다.</span><br />즉 아래와 같이 콘덴서가 직렬로 연결된 경우 각 단마다 CV는 일정하므로&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>
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<div class="se_component se_paragraph default" style="margin-top: 30px; font-family: 나눔고딕, nanumgothic, se_NanumGothic, sans-serif, simhei; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; word-break: normal; margin-left: 40px; margin-right: 40px; color: #112e46; font-size: 14px; background-color: #f9fafb;">
   <div class="se_sectionArea" style="position: relative; width: 693px; margin: 0px auto; max-width: none;">
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         <div class="se_viewArea se_ff_nanumgothic se_fs_T3 se_align-left" style="position: relative; font-family: 나눔고딕, nanumgothic, se_NanumGothic, AppleSDGothicNeo, sans-serif, simhei; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.9;">
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                  <p class="se_textarea" style="padding: 0px; width: 693px; height: 1080px; outline: 0px; border: none; background: 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: inherit; text-align: inherit; font-style: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; resize: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all;"><span style="background-color: inherit;"><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">CV = C2*Vout = Ct*Vref = Vref*C1*C2/(C1+C2)</span><br /></span><span style="background-color: inherit;"><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;"></span></span><br />즉&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br /><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">C1 = C2*Vout/( Vref - Vout)</span><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />이 됩니다. 따라서 이미 정해진 C2를 알고 Vref 를 5 V로 하면 측정하고자 하는 C1에 대해 Vout만 측정하면 C1의 값을 알 수 있게 되는 거죠.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />위의 시간을 재는 일반적인 경우보다 훨씬 간단하죠. 그러면 전압만 재면 되는 이 방법을 놔두고 복잡하게 시간까지 재는 방법을 일반적인 방법이라고 했을까요? 이유는 앞의 전압의 경우와 같습니다. C2의 값에 따라서 C1의 값이 너무 많이 변하기 때문입니다. 하지만 시간을 재는 방법은 RC회로의 R 값에 따라서 변하지 않으므로 훨씬 안정적으로 C 값을 잴 수 있기 때문에 일반적인 방법으로 정한 거죠.<span style="background-color: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: inherit;">따라서 이 방법은 C 값이 아주 작은 경우만 제한해서 사용하는 거구요. 이 경우에는 이게 훨씬 더 정확하게 재 집니다.</span><br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br /><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">아두이노로</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">커패시턴스</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">값을</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">재는</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">방법</span><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />그럼 위의 두 가지 방법 각 각을 아두이노로 재기 위해서 따로 따로 즉 일반적인 방법( 충전 시간 측정법 )은 특정한 R을 정해서 RC 회로를 만들고 위의 커패시턴스 분배 방법은 특정한 C를 정해서 회로를 만들고 해야 할까요 ? 음, 번거롭죠 ..<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />그래서 역시 인터넷을 보면 어떤 능력자가 이 걸 동시에 한 세팅만 가지고 그것도 기준 저항, 기준 컨덴서도 필요 없이 그냥 컨덴서를 아두이노에 꼽기만 하면 위의 2 가지 방법을 아두이노가 알아서 판단해서 재주는 방법을 제시합니다. (&nbsp;<a class="se_link" href="http://www.circuitbasics.com/how-to-make-an-arduino-capacitance-meter/" target="_blank" style="color: #608cba !important;">http://www.circuitbasics.com/how-to-make-an-arduino-capacitance-meter/</a>&nbsp;참조 )<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />여기서는 일반적인 시간을 재는 회로의 기준 저항 R을 아두이노의 아나로그 입력 pin 내부에 있는 pullup 저항 ( 약 36 kohm )을 이용하고 두 번째 방법의 기준 컨덴서 C2를 아두이노에 내재해 있는 내부 커패시턴스 즉, Stray Capacitiance 약 24.48 nF 을 이용해서 외부에는 어떤 저항, 어떤 콘덴서도 달지 않고 그냥 콘덴서만 아두이노의 핀 A0, A2에만 연결해 주면 커패시턴스를 잴 수 있는 방법을 제시했습니다. ( 항상 느끼는 거지만 어런 쪽으로는 참 머리가 잘 돌아가요. 예네들은 ^^ )<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />즉 아래와 같이만 연결해 주면 됩니다.&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>
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   <div class="se_sectionArea" style="position: relative; width: 693px; margin: 0px auto; max-width: none;">
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         <div class="se_viewArea se_ff_nanumgothic se_fs_T3 se_align-left" style="position: relative; font-family: 나눔고딕, nanumgothic, se_NanumGothic, AppleSDGothicNeo, sans-serif, simhei; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.9;">
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                  <p class="se_textarea" style="padding: 0px; width: 693px; height: 210px; outline: 0px; border: none; background: 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: inherit; text-align: inherit; font-style: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; resize: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all;">측정 원리를 보면 이렇습니다.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />일단 위의 두 번째 방법으로 아래와 같이 먼저 C 값을 측정합니다.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />먼저 A2에 digitalWrite(OUT_PIN, HIGH) 를 이용하여 5 V를 가해 줍니다 그리고 A0의 전압을 측정하는데 A0와 Gnd 사이에 Atmega328 자체가 약 25 pF의 Stray Capacitance를 갖게 되므로 아래와 같은 커패시턴스 회로가 됩니다&nbsp;<br /></p>
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<div class="se_component se_paragraph default" style="margin-top: 30px; font-family: 나눔고딕, nanumgothic, se_NanumGothic, sans-serif, simhei; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; word-break: normal; margin-left: 40px; margin-right: 40px; color: #112e46; font-size: 14px; background-color: #f9fafb;">
   <div class="se_sectionArea" style="position: relative; width: 693px; margin: 0px auto; max-width: none;">
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         <div class="se_viewArea se_ff_nanumgothic se_fs_T3 se_align-left" style="position: relative; font-family: 나눔고딕, nanumgothic, se_NanumGothic, AppleSDGothicNeo, sans-serif, simhei; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.9;">
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                  <p class="se_textarea" style="padding: 0px; width: 693px; height: 390px; outline: 0px; border: none; background: 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: inherit; text-align: inherit; font-style: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; resize: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all;">따라서 위에서 구한 식에 의해 A0 핀에서 Vout을 측정하면<br /><span style="background-color: inherit;"><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;"></span><br /></span><span style="background-color: inherit;"><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">C1 = 25 pF*( Vout - 5 )/5</span></span><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />에 의해 C1을 구할 수 있게 됩니다. ( 더 자세한 건&nbsp;<a class="se_link" href="http://wordpress.codewrite.co.uk/pic/2014/01/21/cap-meter-with-arduino-uno/" target="_blank" style="color: #608cba !important;">http://wordpress.codewrite.co.uk/pic/2014/01/21/cap-meter-with-arduino-uno/</a>&nbsp;여기를 참고하세요 )<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />그런데 이렇게 구한 값 C1이 1000 pF를 넘을 경우 아래와 같이 C1 값을 다시 구합니다. 앞에서도 언급했듯이 C 값이 크면 위의 분배 회로에 의한 방법은 오차가 커지므로 충전 시간 측정법으로 넘어가는 거죠.<span style="background-color: inherit;"><br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: inherit;">즉 이 번엔 A0에 0 V를 가하고 즉 Gnd로 만들고 A2를 pinMode(A2, INPUT_PULLUP) 함수로 pull-up 해주고 전압 값을 받으면 아래 그림 처럼 됩니다.&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>
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                  <p class="se_textarea" style="padding: 0px; width: 693px; height: 180px; outline: 0px; border: none; background: 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: inherit; text-align: inherit; font-style: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; resize: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all;">처음에 일반적인 컨덴서값 측정 방식(충전 시간 측정법)의 그 RC 회로가 되는 거죠.<span style="background-color: inherit;"><br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: inherit;">이 때 pull-up 해 주고 일정 시간 t가 지나고 나서 A2에서의 전압값을 측정하면 앞에 설명한 것처럼 이 때의 전압값과 t 사이에는 log 함수의 관계를 갖게 되므로 아래 식 처럼 C1 값을 구할 수 있게 됩니다. ( 자세한 건&nbsp;</span><a class="se_link" href="http://wordpress.codewrite.co.uk/pic/2014/01/25/capacitance-meter-mk-ii/" target="_blank" style="color: #608cba !important;">http://wordpress.codewrite.co.uk/pic/2014/01/25/capacitance-meter-mk-ii/</a>&nbsp;여기를 참조하세요&nbsp;&nbsp;<br /></p>
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<div class="se_component se_paragraph default" style="margin-top: 30px; font-family: 나눔고딕, nanumgothic, se_NanumGothic, sans-serif, simhei; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; word-break: normal; margin-left: 40px; margin-right: 40px; color: #112e46; font-size: 14px; background-color: #f9fafb;">
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         <div class="se_viewArea se_ff_nanumgothic se_fs_T3 se_align-left" style="position: relative; font-family: 나눔고딕, nanumgothic, se_NanumGothic, AppleSDGothicNeo, sans-serif, simhei; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.9;">
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                  <p class="se_textarea" style="padding: 0px; width: 693px; height: 2730px; outline: 0px; border: none; background: 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: inherit; text-align: inherit; font-style: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; resize: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all;">근데 가만히 보면 앞에 일반적인 방법을 설명할 때 5 V의 63 %까지만 되도록 시간 t를 가게 하면 쉽게 C=t/R 로 쉽게 구할 수 있는데 왜 이렇게 복잡하게 log 함수까지 써가면서 구했느냐 하면 아두이노의 AnalogRead() 함수 자체가 너무 느려서 정확하게 t가 63 % 되는 지점을 찾을 수 없기 때문이라고&nbsp;<a class="se_link" href="http://wordpress.codewrite.co.uk/pic/2014/01/25/capacitance-meter-mk-ii/" target="_blank" style="color: #608cba !important;">http://wordpress.codewrite.co.uk/pic/2014/01/25/capacitance-meter-mk-ii/</a>&nbsp;여기에 친절하게 나와 있네요 ^^<span style="background-color: inherit;"><br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: inherit;">위에 설명한 방법을 아두이노의 코드로 정리하면 아래와 같습니다.</span><span style="background-color: inherit;"><br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: inherit;">const int OUT_PIN = A2;</span><br />const int IN_PIN = A0;<br />const float IN_STRAY_CAP_TO_GND = 24.48;<br />const float IN_CAP_TO_GND&nbsp; = IN_STRAY_CAP_TO_GND;<br />const float R_PULLUP = 34.8;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />const int MAX_ADC_VALUE = 1023;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />void setup()<br />{<br />&nbsp; pinMode(OUT_PIN, OUTPUT);<br />&nbsp; pinMode(IN_PIN, OUTPUT);<br />&nbsp; Serial.begin(9600);<br />}<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />void loop()<br />{<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; pinMode(IN_PIN, INPUT);<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; digitalWrite(OUT_PIN, HIGH);<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; int val = analogRead(IN_PIN);<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; digitalWrite(OUT_PIN, LOW);<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; if (val &lt; 1000)<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; {<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; pinMode(IN_PIN, OUTPUT);<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; float capacitance = (float)val * IN_CAP_TO_GND / (float)(MAX_ADC_VALUE - val);<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Serial.print(F("Capacitance Value = "));<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Serial.print(capacitance, 3);<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Serial.print(F(" pF ("));<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Serial.print(val);<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Serial.println(F(") "));<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; }<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; else<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; {<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; pinMode(IN_PIN, OUTPUT);<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; delay(1);<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; pinMode(OUT_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP);<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; unsigned long u1 = micros();<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; unsigned long t;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; int digVal;<br />&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; do<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; {<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; digVal = digitalRead(OUT_PIN);<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; unsigned long u2 = micros();<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; t = u2 &gt; u1 ? u2 - u1 : u1 - u2;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; } while ((digVal &lt; 1) &amp;&amp; (t &lt; 400000L));<br />&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; pinMode(OUT_PIN, INPUT);&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; val = analogRead(OUT_PIN);<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; digitalWrite(IN_PIN, HIGH);<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; int dischargeTime = (int)(t / 1000L) * 5;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; delay(dischargeTime);&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; pinMode(OUT_PIN, OUTPUT);&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; digitalWrite(OUT_PIN, LOW);<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; digitalWrite(IN_PIN, LOW);<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; float capacitance = -(float)t / R_PULLUP<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; / log(1.0 - (float)val / (float)MAX_ADC_VALUE);<br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Serial.print(F("Capacitance Value = "));<br />&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; if (capacitance &gt; 1000.0)<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; {<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Serial.print(capacitance / 1000.0, 2);<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Serial.print(F(" uF"));<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; }<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; else<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; {<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Serial.print(capacitance, 2);<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Serial.print(F(" nF"));<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; }<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="background-color: inherit;"><br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: inherit;">원래 코드 (&nbsp;</span><a class="se_link" href="http://www.circuitbasics.com/how-to-make-an-arduino-capacitance-meter/" target="_blank" style="color: #608cba !important;">http://www.circuitbasics.com/how-to-make-an-arduino-capacitance-meter/</a>&nbsp;참조 )에서 제가 조금 수정했습니다.<br /><br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br /><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">실제</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">측정</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-weight: 600; background-color: inherit;">결과</span><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />아래는 위의 아두이노 코드로 아두이노 UNO 계열인 CH340 보드(<a class="se_link" href="http://blog.naver.com/jedijaja/220774788530" target="_blank" style="color: #608cba !important;">http://blog.naver.com/jedijaja/220774788530</a>&nbsp;참조 )로 측정한 10 uF 측정 사진 및 결과 입니다.&nbsp;</p>
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<div class="se_component se_paragraph default" style="margin-top: 30px; font-family: 나눔고딕, nanumgothic, se_NanumGothic, sans-serif, simhei; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; word-break: normal; margin-left: 40px; margin-right: 40px; color: #112e46; font-size: 14px; background-color: #f9fafb;">
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         <div class="se_viewArea se_ff_nanumgothic se_fs_T3 se_align-left" style="position: relative; font-family: 나눔고딕, nanumgothic, se_NanumGothic, AppleSDGothicNeo, sans-serif, simhei; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.9;">
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                  <p class="se_textarea" style="padding: 0px; width: 693px; height: 60px; outline: 0px; border: none; background: 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: inherit; text-align: inherit; font-style: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; resize: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all;"><br />아래는 위의 10 nF 측정 사진 및 결과 입니다.</p>
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<div class="se_component se_paragraph default" style="margin-top: 30px; font-family: 나눔고딕, nanumgothic, se_NanumGothic, sans-serif, simhei; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; word-break: normal; margin-left: 40px; margin-right: 40px; color: #112e46; font-size: 14px; background-color: #f9fafb;">
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                  <p class="se_textarea" style="padding: 0px; width: 693px; height: 700px; outline: 0px; border: none; background: 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: inherit; text-align: inherit; font-style: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; resize: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all;"><span style="background-color: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: inherit;">비교적 정확하게 측정이 되는 것을 볼 수 있습니다.&nbsp;</span></p>
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                     <p style="margin-top: 11px; margin-bottom: 7px; padding: 0px; font-size: 12px; font-family: Dotum;"><span style="font-weight: 600; padding: 0px 7px 0px 0px;">[출처]</span>&nbsp;<a href="https://blog.naver.com/jedijaja/220960696688" target="_blank" style="color: #608cba !important;">아두이노 디지털 멀티미터 3 - 아두이노로 저항 및 컨덴서값 측정하기</a><span style="background-color: inherit; padding: 0px 7px 0px 5px;">|</span><span style="font-weight: 600; padding: 0px 7px 0px 0px;">작성자</span>&nbsp;<a href="https://blog.naver.com/jedijaja" target="_blank" style="color: #608cba !important;">jedijaja</a></p>
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<div class="content_move">[이 게시물은 최고관리자님에 의해 2019-04-26 16:36:52 Link에서 이동 됨]</div>